McCloskey C, Kenia J, Shofer F, Marschalek J, Dillingham TR. Improved Self-reported comfort, stability, and limb temperature regulation with an immediate fit, adjustable transtibial prosthesis. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl. 2020;2(4):100090. Hachisuka K, Dozono K, Ogata H et al (1998) Total surface bearing below-knee prosthesis: advantages, disadvantages, and clinical implications. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 79:783–789 Dudek NL, Marks MB, Marshall SC, Chardon JP. Dermatologic conditions associated with use of a lower-extremity prosthesis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86(4):659–63. Gefen A, Brienza DM, Cuddigan J, Haesler E, Kottner J. Our contemporary understanding of the aetiology of pressure ulcers/pressure injuries. Int Wound J. 2022;19(3):692–704. Ali S, Abu Osman NA, Naqshbandi MM et al (2012) Qualitative study of prosthetic suspension systems on transtibial amputees’ satisfaction and perceived problems with their prosthetic devices. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93:1919–1923

Andrysek J (2010) Lower-limb prosthetic technologies in the developing world. Prosthetics Orthot Int 34:378–398 Martin Bionics. Martin bionics prosthetics + research. 2022. https://martinbionics.com/. Accessed 7 Dec 2022. Rink C, Wernke MM, Powell HM, Gynawali S, Schroeder RM, Kim JY, et al. Elevated vacuum suspension preserves residual-limb skin health in people with lower-limb amputation: randomized clinical trial. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2016;53(6):1121. Andrysek J. Lower-limb prosthetic technologies in the developing world: a review of literature from 1994–2010. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2010;34(4):378–98.

BOA® reel

Meulenbelt HE, Geertzen JH, Jonkman MF, Dijkstra PU. Skin problems of the stump in lower limb amputees: 1. A clinical study. Acta Derm Venereol. 2011;91(2):173–7. Wrenches can be used across a wide range of applications thanks to their versatility, ease to use and nature as an essential hand tool. Wrenches are commonly used by:

Kahle JT (1999) Conventional and hydrostatic transtibial interface comparison. JPO J Prosthetics Orthotics 85–91 Carrigan W, Nothnagle C, Savant P, Gao F, Wijesundara MBJ, IEEE. Pneumatic actuator inserts for interface pressure mapping and fit improvement in lower extremity prosthetics. In: 6th IEEE international conference on biomedical robotics and biomechatronics (BioRob); 2016 Jun 26–29; Singapore: IEEE; 2016. Bennett L, Kavner D, Lee BK et al (1979) Shear vs pressure as causative factors in skin blood flow occlusion. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 60:309–314

Benefits for users

Dillingham T, Kenia J, Shofer F, Marschalek J. A prospective assessment of an adjustable, immediate fit, transtibial prosthesis. PM R. 2019;11(11):1210–7. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Medical devices: legal requirements for specific medical products: UK Government; 2023. [Accessed 24/05/23]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/medical-devices-legal-requirements-for-specific-medical-devices/medical-devices-legal-requirements-for-specific-medical-devices#custom-made.

Klute GK, Glaister BC, Berge JS (2010) Prosthetic liners for lower limb amputees. Prosthetics Orthot Int 34:146–153 One-hand release. Removing your prosthesis is made easy by simply pulling the adjusting dial with one hand to release.

An innovative modular socket system.

Nylander E, Ramstrand N, Hjort M, Rusaw DF. Development and validation of a sensitive MEDLINE search strategy to identify literature relevant to limb prostheses. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2021;45(3):289–94. Bastas G (2020) Lower limb amputations. In: Essentials of physical medicine and rehabilitation. Elsevier, pp 658–663 Sanders JE, Redd CB, Cagle JC, Hafner BJ, Gardner D, Allyn KJ, et al. Preliminary evaluation of a novel bladder-liner for facilitating residual-limb fluid volume recovery without doffing. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2016;53(6):1107–20. Naturally your residual limb will change size during the course of the day. The game changer for prosthetic users is wearing a prosthesis that can change in sync with these volume fluctuations.