The Dark Side of the Mind: True Stories from My Life as a Forensic Psychologist

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Meyer, D. E., & Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1971). Facilitation in recognizing pairs of words: Evidence of a dependence between retrieval operations. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 90, 227-234. On self-report measures of group preference, White Americans report positive attitudes toward their own group but far less so than observed on the IAT. The shadow is conceptually the blind spot of the psyche; [7] the repression of one's id, while maladaptive, prevents shadow integration, the union of id and ego. [8] [9] While they are regarded as differing on their theories of the function of repression of id in civilization, Freud and Jung coalesced at Platonism, wherein id rejects the nomos. [10] Persona is contrasted against the shadow. [11] Jung regarded the shadow as unconscious—id and biography—suppressed under the superego's ego-ideal, the way the superego wants to be. [12] Fordham, Michael (January 1965). "The Importance of Analysing Childhood for Assimilation of the Shadow". Journal of Analytical Psychology. 10 (1): 33–47. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-5922.1965.00033.x. ISSN 0021-8774. And an ongoing experiment at University of Virginia, issued as a challenge to design any five minute intervention that can change the race IAT, is producing some interesting data that will soon become public on the types of interventions that work and do not.

Hillman, James (2007) [1985]. anima: an anatomy of a personified notion. Spring Publications, Inc. p.36. ISBN 978-0-88214-316-3. The work that has surprised me most recently came from research I began soon after arrival at Harvard in 2001. Here I met two amazing developmental psychologists who had also just arrived. I fell in love with Liz Spelke and Susan Carey, especially their approach to understanding the mind. I realized that by contrast to what they knew about their phenomena, I had no clue as to where implicit attitudes, beliefs, or identity, originated or how they developed. By contrast, I had never had a subject who needed a mother’s permission to be in a study, except the occasional 17-year old summer student. But that was preposterous. How could I have gone for this long without worrying about the origins of implicit social cognition? Starting about a decade ago, Andy Baron, then an RA and later a graduate student in the lab, and now a professor at the University of British Columbia made a discovery that I found to be surprising. It was followed by confirmation in research by another student, Yarrow Dunham.As the shadow is a part of the unconscious, a method called Shadow work is practiced through active imagination with daydreaming and meditation—the experience is then mediated by dialectical interpretation through narrative and art (pottery, poetry, drawing, dancing, singing, etc.); analysts perform dreamwork on analysands, using amplification to raise the unconscious to conscious awareness. [39] [40] [41] Demos, Raphael (1955). "Jung's Thought and Influence". The Review of Metaphysics. 9 (1): 71–89. JSTOR 20123485 . Retrieved 2022-06-25. As for the 'shadow' side of human nature (on which there is no difference of opinion between Freud and Jung) we may remind ourselves of Plato's phrase that 'in all of us, even those that are the most respectable, there is a lawless, wildbeast nature which appears in sleep' [...] ( Republic 571-2)

Is there developmental evidence that speaks to whether negative affect toward a group is developmentally prior to full-blown implicit attitudes? Le Guin, Ursula K. (1975). "The Child and the Shadow". The Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress. 32 (2): 139–148. JSTOR 29781619 . Retrieved 2022-06-25. The shadow stands on the threshold between the conscious and unconscious mind, and we meet it in our dreams, as sister, brother, friend, beast, monster, enemy, guide. Jung, C. G. 1954. "Psychology of the Transference." In Practice of Psychotherapy, Collected Works 16. London. p. 219. Inner Work: Using Dreams and Creative Imagination for Personal Growth and Integration. Harper San Francisco, 241 pp. ISBN 0-06-250431-2. Shadow characteristics are mostly formed by shame. These characteristics are thoughts, desires, wishes, feelings, cravings and urges that one’s own ego does not accept. For example, in the case of sexual taboo, you may have heard that certain behaviors or desires are not acceptable by your family, so you hide them- thus, the urge is cast into the shadow- only to show itself when the environment is safe from judgement, or even repressed away completely.Here we are all these years later, both still interested in “trying to figure it all out.” The Implicit Association Test (IAT) has been a tremendously useful tool in directly assessing the presence of implicit biases. Prior to its development, much of the reasoning about the impact of implicit biases was based on indirect evidence that was consistent with the idea that unconscious processes affected perception and behavior. Being able to directly measure these biases has enabled researchers to establish the prevalence of these biases and brought into focus puzzling patterns of data that Mahzarin so eloquently reviewed and challenged us to think about. Having limited time to respond, let me comment on just two issues that have puzzled Mahzarin as she has explored the nature and consequences of implicit biases – the developmental stability of implicit race preferences revealed by the IAT and the question of such biases being malleable. The issues are, I think, very much interrelated.