Miller's Anatomy of the Dog, 4e

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Deep gluteal: originates on the ischiatic spine and inserts on the greater trochanter. It acts to extend the hip and rotate the pelvic limb medially. It is innervated by the cranial gluteal nerve. Dogs are facultative carnivorous animals, meaning their digestive system is designed for the consumption of meat. The digestive tract is made up of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder and various attached glands. Internal obturator: originates on the pelvic symphysis and inserts on the trochanteric fossa of the femur. It acts to rotate the pelvic limb laterally. It is innervated by the sciatic nerve. Kidney – both the right and left kidneys are bean-shaped and possess a smooth surface. Other organs from a dog’s internal anatomy

The incomplete portion of the dog tracheal ring is faced dorsally and bridges with the smooth muscle fiber. Again, these tracheal rings unite in a longitudinal direction by the fibroelastic annular ligaments of the trachea. The dog liver possesses four lobes, four sub-lobes, and two processes. You will find the below-mentioned lobes, sub-lobes, and impressions in a dog’s liver. A major part of a dog's anatomy is their musculature. This is a system formed by muscles, tendons and ligaments. A dog can have between 200 and over 400 muscles. Again, the amount of muscles an individual dog has depends on the breed and the individual. Curiously, some dog breeds will have more than 50 muscles in their ears alone.Coccygeal vertebrae: the sacral vertebrae lead into these bones and it is into this area the tail bones are inserted. Due to differences in tail, this is the only part where the number of vertebrae will differ according to breed. However, there are generally between 20 and 23. If you want to learn more anatomical features of the dog tongue, then the below-mentioned article might help you a great –

Descending superficial pectoral: originates on the first sternebrae and inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. It both adducts the limb and also prevents the limb from being abducted during weight bearing. It is innervated by the cranial pectoral nerves. The quadrate lobe – is a deep liver wedge that lies in the median plane. You will see a fossa for the gallbladder at the middle surface of the quadrate lobe of the dog liver. Drake, Abby Grace; Klingenberg, Christian Peter (2010). "Large‐Scale Diversification of Skull Shape in Domestic Dogs: Disparity and Modularity". The American Naturalist. 175 (3): 289–301. doi: 10.1086/650372. PMID 20095825. S2CID 26967649.It will be better to learn the nephron structure from the histology slide section. Because you will understand every single structure from the nephron so easily. Brachialis: originates on the lateral surface of humerus and inserts on the ulnar and radial tuberosities. It acts to flex the elbow. It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. Arteries of pelvic limb – external and internal iliac artery, femoral artery, and popliteal artery, The right lung of a dog possesses four lobes – cranial, caudal, middle, and accessory lobes. You will find two interlobar fissures in the right lung of the dog.

You will find two ureters in the dog’s urinary system. They (ureter) carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. The length and size of the dog ureter depend on the age and breed. You will find the stronger ureter on the right side than the left. In addition, you will find gastric, duodenal, and renal impressions in a dog’s liver. The pancreas of a dog Thoracic vertebrae: dogs have thirteen thoracic vertebrae which play an important part in the spine of the dorsal area. The first dorsal vertebrae determines the region of the withers from where the dog's full height is measured.

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Dolichocephaly: dolichocephalic dogs are those with a head which is longer than it is wide. The skull and snout are elongated and their eyes are located in a lateral position, making it difficult to see well bifocally. The breeds which perhaps most represent this type of skull are Greyhounds or Whippets. They also tend to have a les pronounced stop. This is the angle at which the snout and the forehead of the dog's skull meet.