The apex of the stem ends in the tassel, an inflorescence of male flowers; these are separate from the female flowers but borne on the same plant ( monoecy). When the tassel is mature and conditions are suitably warm and dry, anthers on the tassel dehisce and release pollen. Maize pollen is anemophilous (dispersed by wind), and because of its large settling velocity, most pollen falls within a few meters of the tassel. [57] National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, US Department of Agriculture, Acreage report for 2010" (PDF). Hill, Christina Gish (November 20, 2020). "Returning the 'three sisters' – corn, beans and squash – to Native American farms nourishes people, land and cultures". The Conversation . Retrieved January 9, 2021. The estimated corn usage for crop year September 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021, was 38.7 percent was used for feed, 34 percent for ethanol, 17.5 percent for export, and 9.8 percent for food. [134] Trade Stevenson, J. C.; Goodman, M. M. (November 1972). "Ecology of Exotic Races of Maize. I. Leaf Number and Tillering of 16 Races Under Four Temperatures and Two Photoperiods 1". Crop Science. 12 (6): 864–868. doi: 10.2135/cropsci1972.0011183X001200060045x.

Brown, David (November 20, 2009). "Scientists have high hopes for corn genome". The Washington Post. Mark Clayton (January 28, 2008). "Christian Science Monitor". Christian Science Monitor . Retrieved October 6, 2014. Rebecca Earle, The Body of the Conquistador: Food, Race, and the Colonial Experience in Spanish America, 1492–1700. New York: Cambridge University Press 2012, pp. 17, 151. Maize is a staple of Mexican cuisine. Masa (cornmeal treated with limewater) is the main ingredient for tortillas, atole and many other dishes of Central American food. It is the main ingredient of corn tortilla, tamales, pozole, atole and all the dishes based on them, like tacos, quesadillas, chilaquiles, enchiladas, tostadas and many more. In Mexico the fungus of maize, known as huitlacoche, is considered a delicacy. [ citation needed] Mexican tamales made with corn meal Boiled

You might also Like

Because it is cold-intolerant, in the temperate zones maize must be planted in the spring. Its root system is generally shallow, so the plant is dependent on soil moisture. As a plant that uses C4 carbon fixation, maize is a considerably more water-efficient crop than plants that use C3 carbon fixation such as alfalfa and soybeans. Maize is most sensitive to drought at the time of silk emergence, when the flowers are ready for pollination. In the United States, a good harvest was traditionally predicted if the maize was "knee-high by the Fourth of July", although modern hybrids generally exceed this growth rate. Maize used for silage is harvested while the plant is green and the fruit immature. Sweet corn is harvested in the "milk stage", after pollination but before starch has formed, between late summer and early to mid-autumn. Field maize is left in the field until very late in the autumn to thoroughly dry the grain, and may, in fact, sometimes not be harvested until winter or even early spring. The importance of sufficient soil moisture is shown in many parts of Africa, where periodic drought regularly causes maize crop failure and consequent famine. Although it is grown mainly in wet, hot climates, it has been said to thrive in cold, hot, dry or wet conditions, meaning that it is an extremely versatile crop. [121] Mature plants showing ears

Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (2011). "The World: A History", p. 470. Penguin Academics, London. ISBN 0-205-75930-0 Oldenburg, Marcus; Petersen, Arnd; Baur, Xaver (2011). "Maize pollen is an important allergen in occupationally exposed workers". Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology. 6 (1): 32. doi: 10.1186/1745-6673-6-32. PMC 3269392. PMID 22165847. Maize is a cultigen; human intervention is required for it to propagate. Whether or not the kernels fall off the cob on their own is a key piece of evidence used in archaeology to distinguish domesticated maize from its naturally-propagating teosinte ancestor. [4] Genetic evidence can also be used to determine when various lineages split. [12] The corn steep liquor, a plentiful watery byproduct of maize wet milling process, is widely used in the biochemical industry and research as a culture medium to grow many kinds of microorganisms. [150] In Z. mays and various other angiosperms the MADS-box motif is involved in floral development. Early study in several angiosperm models including Z. mays was the beginning of research into the molecular evolution of floral structure in general, as well as their role in nonflowering plants. [89]Betty Fussell writes in an article on the history of the word "corn" in North America that "[t]o say the word "corn" is to plunge into the tragi-farcical mistranslations of language and history". [27] Similar to the British, the Spanish referred to maize as panizo, a generic term for cereal grains, as did Italians with the term polenta. The British later referred to maize as Turkey wheat, Turkey corn, or Indian corn with Fusell commenting that "they meant not a place but a condition, a savage rather than a civilized grain", especially with Turkish people later naming it kukuruz, or barbaric. [27] a b "Gray Leaf Spot Severity Increasing Rapidly". CropWatch. September 17, 2015 . Retrieved July 24, 2021.

ISAAA Biotech Maize Update 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 24, 2013 . Retrieved October 6, 2014. Elongated mesocotyl1, a phytochrome-deficient mutant of maize". Brutnell Lab. Archived from the original on December 11, 2013 . Retrieved December 7, 2013. Crous, Pedro W.; Groenewald, Johannes Z.; Groenewald, Marizeth; Caldwell, Pat; Braun, Uwe; Harrington, Thomas C. (May 1, 2006). "Species of Cercospora associated with grey leaf spot of maize". Studies in Mycology. Elsevier. 55: 189–197. doi: 10.3114/sim.55.1.189. PMC 2104713. PMID 18490979. S2CID 31494639. Westerdijk Institute.

Paliwal, R. L (2000). Tropical maize: Improvement and production. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251044575. Kole, Chittaranjan, ed. (2020). Genomic Designing of Climate-Smart Cereal Crops. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-93380-1. ISBN 978-3-319-93381-8.